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FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / BDI

Burundi

5 distinct crisis events in 1 episode, 1994–1998, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

5
Banking crises
0
Currency crises
0
Sovereign debt crises
5
Crisis events
1994–1998
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 1998
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  2. 1997
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  3. 1996
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  4. 1995
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  5. 1994
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1994–1998

Bankingoutput loss 121.2% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
-2002040198919942003
Policy rate (%)
01020198919942003
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0100200198919942003

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology