FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / GRC

Greece

138 distinct crisis events in 9 episodes, 1826–2021, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

21
Banking crises
23
Currency crises
94
Sovereign debt crises
138
Crisis events
1826–2021
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2021
    Bankingesrb1 source
  2. 2020
    Bankingesrb1 source
  3. 2018
    Bankingesrb1 source
  4. 2017
    Bankingesrb1 source
  5. 2016
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  6. 2015
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  7. 2014
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  8. 2013
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  9. 2012
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  10. 2011
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  11. 2010
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  12. 2009
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  13. 2008
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  14. 2005
    Currencyrr1 source
  15. 2001
    Currencyrr1 source
  16. 2000
    Currencyrr1 source
  17. 1999
    Currencyrr1 source
  18. 1995
    Bankingrr1 source
  19. 1994
    Bankingrr1 source
  20. 1993
    Bankingrr1 source
  21. 1992
    Bankingrr1 source
  22. 1991
    Bankingrr1 source
  23. 1990
    Currencyrr1 source
  24. 1986
    Currencyrr1 source
  25. 1985
    Currencyrr1 source
  26. 1983
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  27. 1980
    Currencyrr1 source
  28. 1976
    Currencyrr1 source
  29. 1964
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  30. 1963
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  31. 1962
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  32. 1961
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  33. 1960
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  34. 1959
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  35. 1958
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  36. 1957
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  37. 1956
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  38. 1955
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  39. 1954
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  40. 1953
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  41. 1952
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  42. 1951
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  43. 1950
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  44. 1949
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  45. 1948
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  46. 1947
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  47. 1946
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  48. 1945
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  49. 1944
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  50. 1943
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  51. 1942
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  52. 1941
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  53. 1940
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  54. 1939
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  55. 1938
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  56. 1937
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  57. 1936
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  58. 1935
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  59. 1934
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  60. 1933
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  61. 1932
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  62. 1931
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  63. 1929
    Bankinggmd1 source
  64. 1924
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  65. 1921
    Currencyrr1 source
  66. 1920
    Currencyrr1 source
  67. 1919
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  68. 1897
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  69. 1896
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  70. 1895
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  71. 1894
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  72. 1878
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  73. 1877
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  74. 1876
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  75. 1875
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  76. 1874
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  77. 1873
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  78. 1872
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  79. 1871
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  80. 1870
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  81. 1869
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  82. 1868
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  83. 1867
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  84. 1866
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  85. 1865
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  86. 1864
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  87. 1863
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  88. 1862
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  89. 1861
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  90. 1860
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  91. 1859
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  92. 1858
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  93. 1857
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  94. 1856
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  95. 1855
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  96. 1854
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  97. 1853
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  98. 1852
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  99. 1851
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  100. 1850
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  101. 1849
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  102. 1848
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  103. 1847
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  104. 1846
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  105. 1845
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  106. 1844
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  107. 1843
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  108. 1842
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  109. 1841
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  110. 1840
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  111. 1839
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  112. 1838
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  113. 1837
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  114. 1836
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  115. 1835
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  116. 1834
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  117. 1833
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  118. 1832
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  119. 1831
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  120. 1830
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  121. 1829
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  122. 1828
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  123. 1827
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  124. 1826
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1826–1878

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-50050100182118261883
Policy rate (%)
0510182118261883
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0200400600182118261883

1894–1897

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-40-2002040188918941902
Policy rate (%)
02.557.5188918941902
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0100200300188918941902

1919–1924

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-50050100191419191929
Policy rate (%)
051015191419191929
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100191419191929

1929–1964

BankingCurrencySovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-200000k0200000k400000k600000k192419291969
Policy rate (%)
051015192419291969
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100150192419291969

1976

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
0102030197119761981
Policy rate (%)
0102030197119761981
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0102030197119761981

1980–1986

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
0102030197519801991
Policy rate (%)
0102030197519801991
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100197519801991

1990–1995

CurrencyBanking
Inflation (% y/y)
0102030198519902000
Policy rate (%)
0102030198519902000
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100150198519902000

1999–2001

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
051015199419992006
Policy rate (%)
0102030199419992006
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100150199419992006

2005–2021

CurrencyBankingSovereign debtFiscal cost 28.7% of GDP, output loss 64.9% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
-50510200020052025
Policy rate (%)
-2024200020052025
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0100200300200020052025

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology