Crisis atlas / SWE
Sweden
41 distinct crisis events in 15 episodes, 1811–2021, from the union of five primary chronologies.
Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →
Crisis timeline
Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.
- 2021Bankingesrb1 source
- 2020Bankingesrb1 source
- 2014Currencyrr1 source
- 2010Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
- 2009Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 2008Currencyrr1 sourceBankingesrb, gmd, jst, laeven_valencia, rr5 sources
- 1997Bankingesrb1 source
- 1996Bankingesrb1 source
- 1995Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia2 sources
- 1994Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 1993Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sourcesBankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 1992Currencyrr1 sourceBankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 1991Bankingesrb, gmd, jst, laeven_valencia, rr5 sources
- 1982Currencyrr1 source
- 1977Currencyrr1 source
- 1950Currencygmd, rr2 sources
- 1932Bankingrr1 source
- 1931Bankingjst, rr2 sources
- 1923Bankingrr1 source
- 1922Bankingjst, rr2 sources
- 1921Bankingrr1 source
- 1919Bankinggmd1 source
- 1918Currencygmd, rr2 sources
- 1907Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
- 1897Bankingrr1 source
- 1879Bankingrr1 source
- 1878Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
- 1877Bankingrr1 source
- 1876Bankingrr1 source
- 1863Currencyrr1 source
- 1862Currencygmd, rr2 sources
- 1819Currencygmd, rr2 sources
- 1815Currencygmd, rr2 sources
- 1814Bankingrr1 source
- 1813Bankingrr1 source
- 1812Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sourcesBankingrr1 source
- 1811Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology
Macro context around each episode
Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.
1811–1815
BankingSovereign debtCurrency1819
Currency1862–1863
Currency1876–1879
Banking1897
Banking1907
Banking1918–1923
CurrencyBanking1931–1932
Banking1950
Currency1977
Currency1982
Currency1991–1997
BankingCurrency1991–1995: fiscal cost 3.6% of GDP, output loss 32.9% of GDP(Laeven-Valencia 2026)2008–2010
BankingCurrency2008–2009: fiscal cost 0.2% of GDP, output loss 25.5% of GDP(Laeven-Valencia 2026)2014
Currency2020–2021
BankingSource: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology