FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / BRA

Brazil

136 distinct crisis events in 13 episodes, 1815–2015, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

22
Banking crises
69
Currency crises
45
Sovereign debt crises
136
Crisis events
1815–2015
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2015
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  2. 2013
    Currencyrr1 source
  3. 2008
    Currencyrr1 source
  4. 2002
    Currencyrr1 source
  5. 2001
    Currencyrr1 source
  6. 1999
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  7. 1998
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  8. 1997
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  9. 1996
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  10. 1995
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  11. 1994
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  12. 1993
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  13. 1992
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  14. 1991
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  15. 1990
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  16. 1989
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  17. 1988
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  18. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  19. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  20. 1985
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  21. 1984
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  22. 1983
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
  23. 1982
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  24. 1981
    Currencyrr1 source
  25. 1980
    Currencyrr1 source
  26. 1979
    Currencyrr1 source
  27. 1978
    Currencyrr1 source
  28. 1977
    Currencyrr1 source
  29. 1976
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  30. 1975
    Currencyrr1 source
  31. 1974
    Currencyrr1 source
  32. 1971
    Currencyrr1 source
  33. 1969
    Currencyrr1 source
  34. 1968
    Currencyrr1 source
  35. 1967
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  36. 1965
    Currencyrr1 source
  37. 1964
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  38. 1963
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  39. 1962
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  40. 1961
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  41. 1959
    Currencyrr1 source
  42. 1958
    Currencyrr1 source
  43. 1957
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  44. 1954
    Currencyrr1 source
  45. 1953
    Currencyrr1 source
  46. 1952
    Currencyrr1 source
  47. 1949
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  48. 1943
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  49. 1942
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  50. 1941
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  51. 1940
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  52. 1939
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  53. 1938
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  54. 1937
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  55. 1935
    Currencyrr1 source
  56. 1934
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  57. 1933
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  58. 1932
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  59. 1931
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
  60. 1930
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  61. 1929
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  62. 1926
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  63. 1923
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  64. 1921
    Currencyrr1 source
  65. 1920
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  66. 1919
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  67. 1918
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  68. 1917
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  69. 1916
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  70. 1915
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  71. 1914
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  72. 1910
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  73. 1909
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  74. 1908
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  75. 1907
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  76. 1906
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  77. 1905
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  78. 1904
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  79. 1903
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  80. 1902
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  81. 1901
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  82. 1900
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  83. 1899
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  84. 1898
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  85. 1897
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  86. 1893
    Currencyrr1 source
  87. 1891
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  88. 1890
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  89. 1889
    Bankingrr1 source
  90. 1885
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  91. 1868
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  92. 1842
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  93. 1837
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  94. 1829
    Currencyrr1 source
  95. 1828
    Currencyrr1 source
  96. 1827
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  97. 1821
    Currencyrr1 source
  98. 1820
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  99. 1816
    Currencyrr1 source
  100. 1815
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1815–1816

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-20020181018151821
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1820–1821

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-20020181518201826
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1827–1829

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-50050100182218271834
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1837

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-50050100183218371842
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1842

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-40-2002040183718421847
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1868

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-10010186318681873
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1885

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-1001020188018851890
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100150188018851890

1889–1893

BankingCurrency
Inflation (% y/y)
-2002040188418891898
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100150188418891898

1897–1910

BankingCurrencySovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-40-2002040189218971915
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100189218971915

1914–1943

BankingCurrencySovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-2002040190919141948
Policy rate (%)
0246190919141948
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100190919141948

1949–2002

CurrencySovereign debtBankingFiscal cost 0.0% of GDP, output loss 62.3% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
01k2k3k194419492007
Policy rate (%)
050k100k150k194419492007
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100194419492007

2008

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
051015200320082013
Policy rate (%)
01020200320082013
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0255075200320082013

2013–2015

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
0510200820132020
Policy rate (%)
051015200820132020
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100200820132020

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology