United Kingdom

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

1. 2014
   Bankingrr1 source
2. 2013
   Bankingrr1 source
3. 2012
   Bankingrr1 source
4. 2011
   Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
5. 2010
   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
6. 2009
   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
7. 2008
   Currencyrr1 source

   Bankingesrb, gmd, laeven_valencia, rr4 sources
8. 2007
   Bankingesrb, jst, laeven_valencia, rr4 sources
9. 1995
   Bankingrr1 source
10. 1994
    Bankingesrb1 source
11. 1993
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankingesrb1 source
12. 1992
    Bankingesrb1 source
13. 1991
    Bankingesrb, gmd, jst, rr4 sources
14. 1984
    Bankingrr1 source
15. 1983
    Currencyrr1 source
16. 1982
    Currencyrr1 source
17. 1981
    Currencyrr1 source
18. 1976
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankingrr1 source
19. 1975
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
20. 1974
    Bankingesrb, jst, rr3 sources
21. 1973
    Bankingesrb, gmd2 sources
22. 1967
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
23. 1949
    Currencyrr1 source
24. 1947
    Currencyrr1 source
25. 1946
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
26. 1939
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
27. 1932
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
28. 1931
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources

    Bankingrr1 source
29. 1919
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
30. 1914
    Bankinggmd1 source
31. 1908
    Bankingrr1 source
32. 1890
    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
33. 1880
    Bankingrr1 source
34. 1879
    Bankingrr1 source
35. 1878
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
36. 1866
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
37. 1858
    Bankingrr1 source
38. 1857
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
39. 1848
    Bankingrr1 source
40. 1847
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
41. 1839
    Bankingrr1 source
42. 1838
    Bankingrr1 source
43. 1837
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
44. 1826
    Bankingrr1 source
45. 1825
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
46. 1817
    Bankingrr1 source
47. 1816
    Bankingrr1 source
48. 1815
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources

    Bankingrr1 source
49. 1814
    Bankingrr1 source
50. 1811
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology