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FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / FRA

France

54 distinct crisis events in 19 episodes, 1802–2021, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

34
Banking crises
19
Currency crises
1
Sovereign debt crises
54
Crisis events
1802–2021
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2021
    Bankingesrb1 source
  2. 2020
    Bankingesrb1 source
  3. 2014
    Bankingrr1 source
  4. 2013
    Bankingrr1 source
  5. 2012
    Bankingrr1 source
  6. 2011
    Bankingrr1 source
  7. 2010
    Bankingrr1 source
  8. 2009
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  9. 2008
    Bankingesrb, gmd, jst, laeven_valencia, rr5 sources
  10. 2005
    Currencyrr1 source
  11. 1995
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  12. 1994
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  13. 1993
    Bankingesrb1 source
  14. 1992
    Bankingesrb1 source
  15. 1991
    Bankingesrb1 source
  16. 1976
    Currencyrr1 source
  17. 1960
    Currencyrr1 source
  18. 1957
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  19. 1948
    Currencyrr1 source
  20. 1946
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  21. 1942
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  22. 1939
    Currencyrr1 source
  23. 1938
    Currencyrr1 source
  24. 1937
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd1 source
  25. 1936
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  26. 1932
    Bankingrr1 source
  27. 1931
    Bankingrr1 source
  28. 1930
    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
  29. 1925
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  30. 1923
    Currencyrr1 source
  31. 1922
    Currencyrr1 source
  32. 1920
    Currencyrr1 source
  33. 1919
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  34. 1914
    Bankinggmd1 source
  35. 1907
    Bankingrr1 source
  36. 1889
    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
  37. 1882
    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
  38. 1881
    Bankingrr1 source
  39. 1871
    Bankinggmd1 source
  40. 1868
    Bankingrr1 source
  41. 1867
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  42. 1848
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  43. 1839
    Bankingrr1 source
  44. 1838
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  45. 1828
    Bankingrr1 source
  46. 1827
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  47. 1816
    Currencyrr1 source
  48. 1814
    Currencyrr1 source
  49. 1813
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  50. 1812
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  51. 1806
    Bankingrr1 source
  52. 1805
    Bankingrr1 source
  53. 1802
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1802–1806

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1812–1816

Sovereign debtCurrency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1827–1828

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1838–1839

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1848

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1867–1871

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1881–1882

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1889

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1907

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1914

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1919–1925

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1930–1932

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1936–1942

CurrencyBanking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1946–1948

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1957–1960

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1976

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1991–1995

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

2005–2014

CurrencyBanking2008–2009: fiscal cost 1.3% of GDP, output loss 23.3% of GDP(Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

2020–2021

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology