FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / PER

Peru

123 distinct crisis events in 8 episodes, 1826–1999, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

18
Banking crises
27
Currency crises
78
Sovereign debt crises
123
Crisis events
1826–1999
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 1999
    Bankingrr1 source
  2. 1998
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd1 source
  3. 1997
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  4. 1996
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  5. 1995
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  6. 1994
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  7. 1993
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  8. 1992
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  9. 1991
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  10. 1990
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  11. 1989
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  12. 1988
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  13. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  14. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  15. 1985
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  16. 1984
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  17. 1983
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  18. 1982
    Currencyrr1 source
  19. 1981
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankinggmd1 source
  20. 1980
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  21. 1979
    Currencyrr1 source
  22. 1978
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
  23. 1977
    Currencyrr1 source
  24. 1976
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  25. 1969
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  26. 1968
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  27. 1958
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  28. 1953
    Currencyrr1 source
  29. 1951
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  30. 1950
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  31. 1949
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  32. 1948
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  33. 1947
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  34. 1946
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  35. 1945
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  36. 1944
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  37. 1943
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  38. 1942
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  39. 1941
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  40. 1940
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  41. 1939
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  42. 1938
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  43. 1937
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  44. 1936
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  45. 1935
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  46. 1934
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  47. 1933
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  48. 1932
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  49. 1931
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Bankinggmd1 source
  50. 1930
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  51. 1921
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  52. 1914
    Bankinggmd1 source
  53. 1889
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  54. 1888
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  55. 1887
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  56. 1886
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  57. 1885
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  58. 1884
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  59. 1883
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  60. 1882
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  61. 1881
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  62. 1880
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  63. 1879
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  64. 1878
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  65. 1877
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  66. 1876
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  67. 1875
    Bankingrr1 source
  68. 1874
    Bankingrr1 source
  69. 1873
    Bankingrr1 source
  70. 1872
    Bankingrr1 source
  71. 1850
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  72. 1848
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  73. 1847
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  74. 1846
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  75. 1845
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  76. 1844
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  77. 1843
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  78. 1842
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  79. 1841
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  80. 1840
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  81. 1839
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  82. 1838
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  83. 1837
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  84. 1836
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  85. 1835
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  86. 1834
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  87. 1833
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  88. 1832
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  89. 1831
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  90. 1830
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  91. 1829
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  92. 1828
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  93. 1827
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  94. 1826
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1826–1850

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-20-1001020182118261855
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1872–1889

BankingSovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
0123186718721894
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0100200300186718721894

1914

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
-20-1001020190919141919
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
051015190919141919

1921

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-1001020191619211926
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0510191619211926

1930–1953

CurrencyBankingSovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-2002040192519301958
Policy rate (%)
0246192519301958
Govt debt (% of GDP)
02040192519301958

1958

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
051015195319581963
Policy rate (%)
0510195319581963
Govt debt (% of GDP)
01020195319581963

1968–1969

CurrencySovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
01020196319681974
Policy rate (%)
0510196319681974
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0102030196319681974

1976–1999

CurrencySovereign debtBankingoutput loss 55.2% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
02.5k5k7.5k197119762004
Policy rate (%)
05001k197119762004
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0255075197119762004

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology