Chinese overseas lending / PAN
Panama: debt owed to China
In 2021, Panama is estimated to have owed China $176m, equal to 0.3% of its GDP, which ranks it 97 of 126 borrowers in the panel by dollars owed. The estimated stock peaked at $223m in 2020.
The estimated stock, 2000 to 2021
The largest single-year move in the estimated stock is 2020, when it rose by $73m.
Source: Horn, Reinhart and Trebesch, China’s Overseas Lending. Selection: estimated stock owed to China by Panama, by year and instrument, 2000 to 2021. Zeros are estimated zeros (no known loans outstanding), not missing values. Methodology
Against what Panama reports owing to all creditors
No comparison is possible. Panama has no row in the World Bank International Debt Statistics table. There is no reported all-creditor stock to measure the China estimate against, so the ratio is n/a, not zero and not a hundred percent. This is a difference in the scope of the two datasets, not evidence of anything hidden. The two-sources page lists every borrower in this position.