FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / VEN

Venezuela

109 distinct crisis events in 7 episodes, 1826–2017, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

19
Banking crises
19
Currency crises
71
Sovereign debt crises
109
Crisis events
1826–2017
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2017
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  2. 2015
    Currencyrr1 source
  3. 2014
    Currencyrr1 source
  4. 2013
    Currencyrr1 source
  5. 2012
    Currencyrr1 source
  6. 2010
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  7. 2009
    Bankingrr1 source
  8. 2008
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd1 source
  9. 2005
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  10. 2004
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  11. 2003
    Currencyrr1 source
  12. 2002
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  13. 1998
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  14. 1997
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  15. 1996
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  16. 1995
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  17. 1994
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  18. 1993
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  19. 1992
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankinggmd1 source
  20. 1991
    Currencyrr1 source
  21. 1990
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
  22. 1989
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  23. 1988
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  24. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  25. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  26. 1985
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  27. 1984
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  28. 1983
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  29. 1982
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
    Bankingrr1 source
  30. 1981
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  31. 1980
    Bankingrr1 source
  32. 1979
    Bankingrr1 source
  33. 1978
    Bankingrr1 source
  34. 1964
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  35. 1905
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  36. 1904
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  37. 1903
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  38. 1902
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  39. 1901
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  40. 1900
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  41. 1899
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  42. 1898
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  43. 1892
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  44. 1881
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  45. 1880
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  46. 1879
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  47. 1878
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  48. 1877
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  49. 1876
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  50. 1875
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  51. 1874
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  52. 1873
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  53. 1872
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  54. 1871
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  55. 1870
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  56. 1869
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  57. 1868
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  58. 1867
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  59. 1866
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  60. 1865
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  61. 1862
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  62. 1861
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  63. 1860
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  64. 1859
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  65. 1858
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  66. 1857
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  67. 1856
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  68. 1855
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  69. 1854
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  70. 1853
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  71. 1852
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  72. 1851
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  73. 1850
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  74. 1849
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  75. 1848
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  76. 1840
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  77. 1839
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  78. 1838
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  79. 1837
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  80. 1836
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  81. 1835
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  82. 1834
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  83. 1833
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  84. 1832
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  85. 1831
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  86. 1830
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  87. 1829
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  88. 1828
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  89. 1827
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  90. 1826
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1826–1840

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-10010182118261845
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1848–1881

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-2002040184318481886
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1892

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-20-10010188718921897
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1898–1905

Sovereign debt
Inflation (% y/y)
-20020189318981910
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1964

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-20246195919641969
Policy rate (%)
0246195919641969
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0510195919641969

1978–1998

BankingSovereign debtCurrencyFiscal cost 15.0% of GDP, output loss 1.2% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
050100197319782003
Policy rate (%)
0255075197319782003
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0255075197319782003

2002–2017

CurrencySovereign debtBanking
Inflation (% y/y)
025k50k75k199720022022
Policy rate (%)
0204060199720022022
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0200400199720022022

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology