Crisis atlas / VEN / 1848–1881
Venezuela, 1848–1881
One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.
Crisis years in this episode
Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 1848–1881 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.
- 1848Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
- 1849Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1850Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1851Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1852Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1853Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1854Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1855Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1856Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1857Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1858Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1859Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1860Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1861Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1862Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1865Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
- 1866Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1867Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1868Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1869Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1870Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1871Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1872Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1873Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1874Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1875Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1876Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1877Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1878Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1879Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1880Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1881Sovereign debtrr1 source
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology
Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail
Laeven-Valencia reports fiscal cost and output loss for systemic banking crises only. This episode involves sovereign debt crises, for which no comparable cost figures exist in the source chronologies.
Macro context, 1841–1888
Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Venezuela in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology
How each source dates this episode
The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.
- Global Macro Database1848, 1865
- Reinhart-Rogoff1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology
Policy-response case studies (external)
For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.