FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / AGO / 1985–2005

Angola, 1985–2005

One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.

Sovereign debtCurrencyBanking

Crisis years in this episode

Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 1985–2005 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.

  1. 1985
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  2. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  3. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  4. 1988
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  5. 1989
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  6. 1990
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  7. 1991
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  8. 1992
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  9. 1993
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  10. 1994
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  11. 1995
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  12. 1996
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  13. 1997
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  14. 1998
    Bankingrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  15. 1999
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  16. 2000
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  17. 2001
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  18. 2002
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  19. 2003
    Currencyrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  20. 2004
    Currencyrr1 source
  21. 2005
    Currencyrr1 source

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail

This banking episode is not in the Laeven-Valencia systemic banking crises database, which covers systemic banking crises from 1970. The crisis is dated here by other chronologies (GMD, JST, Reinhart-Rogoff, or ESRB), none of which report a fiscal cost or output loss.

Macro context, 1978–2012

Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Angola in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.

Inflation (% y/y)
02k4k6k197819852012
Real GDP growth (% y/y)
-40-20020197819852012
Policy rate (%)
0100200197819852012
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0100200197819852012
Unemployment (%)
0102030197819852012
Current account (% of GDP)
-50-2502550197819852012

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology

How each source dates this episode

The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.

Sovereign debt
  • Reinhart-Rogoff1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
  • Global Macro Database1988, 1992
  • Laeven-Valencia1988, 1992
Currency
  • Global Macro Database1991, 1996
  • Laeven-Valencia1991, 1996
  • Reinhart-Rogoff1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
Banking
  • Reinhart-Rogoff1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Documented policy responses

1 intervention from the Metrick-Schmelzing banking-crisis database whose recorded year falls inside this episode window (1985–2005). Each row is one documented government or central-bank action, tagged with the database’s own intervention categories and short code, under the crisis code it assigns. Matching is exact: same country, intervention year inside the window. The database’s global-crisis rows (no country) are never matched here.

AGO-1992Angola
  1. 1992-1996RestructuringRES

Source: Metrick-Schmelzing Banking-Crisis Interventions Database (Yale Program on Financial Stability) Cite as: Metrick, Andrew, and Paul Schmelzing, "Banking-Crisis Interventions Across Time and Space," working paper, 2024 (dataset consulted 2026-07-10). License: Creative Commons attribution. Methodology

Policy-response case studies (external)

For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.