Egypt

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

1. 2016
   Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
2. 2003
   Currencyrr1 source
3. 2001
   Currencyrr1 source
4. 1995
   Bankingrr1 source
5. 1994
   Bankingrr1 source
6. 1993
   Bankingrr1 source
7. 1992
   Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia2 sources

   Bankingrr1 source
8. 1991
   Currencyrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
9. 1990
   Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources

   Bankingrr1 source
10. 1989
    Currencyrr1 source
11. 1984
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
12. 1983
    Bankingrr1 source
13. 1982
    Bankingrr1 source
14. 1981
    Bankingrr1 source
15. 1980
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
16. 1979
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
17. 1962
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
18. 1949
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
19. 1931
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
20. 1914
    Bankinggmd1 source
21. 1907
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
22. 1880
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
23. 1879
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
24. 1878
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
25. 1877
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
26. 1876
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology