Finland

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

1. 2021
   Bankingesrb1 source
2. 2020
   Bankingesrb1 source
3. 2005
   Currencyrr1 source
4. 1996
   Bankingesrb1 source
5. 1995
   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia2 sources
6. 1994
   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
7. 1993
   Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources

   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
8. 1992
   Currencyrr1 source

   Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
9. 1991
   Bankingesrb, jst, laeven_valencia, rr4 sources
10. 1990
    Bankinggmd1 source
11. 1967
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
12. 1963
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
13. 1950
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
14. 1948
    Currencyrr1 source
15. 1946
    Currencyrr1 source
16. 1945
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
17. 1939
    Bankingrr1 source
18. 1932
    Currencyrr1 source
19. 1931
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources

    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
20. 1921
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
21. 1920
    Currencyrr1 source
22. 1919
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
23. 1915
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
24. 1900
    Bankinggmd, jst, rr3 sources
25. 1877
    Bankingjst1 source

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology