Crisis atlas / GHA / 2008–2019

Ghana, 2008–2019

One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.

CurrencyBanking

Crisis years in this episode

Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 2008–2019 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.

2008
Currencyrr1 source
2009
Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
2012
Currencyrr1 source
2013
Currencyrr1 source
2014
Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
2015
Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
Currencyrr1 source
2016
Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
2017
Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
2018
Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
2019
Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail

Episode-level fiscal cost and output loss from the systemic banking crises database. Fiscal cost is the gross outlay of banking-sector rescues; output loss is the cumulative deviation of real GDP from its pre-crisis trend, both as a percent of GDP.

Banking episode 2015–2019

4.4%

Fiscal cost, % of GDP

2.5%

Output loss, % of GDP

2019

Episode end year

Source: Laeven & Valencia (2026), IMF WP/26/94, Systemic Banking Crises Database 1970-2025 Methodology

Macro context, 2001–2026

Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Ghana in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.

Inflation (% y/y)

Real GDP growth (% y/y)

Policy rate (%)

Govt debt (% of GDP)

Unemployment (%)

Current account (% of GDP)

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology

How each source dates this episode

The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.

Currency

Reinhart-Rogoff2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
Global Macro Database2009, 2014
Laeven-Valencia2009, 2014

Banking

Laeven-Valencia2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

Policy-response case studies (external)

For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.