Skip to content
FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / MNG

Mongolia

4 distinct crisis events in 3 episodes, 1990–2009, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

2
Banking crises
2
Currency crises
0
Sovereign debt crises
4
Crisis events
1990–2009
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2009
    Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
  2. 2008
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  3. 1997
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  4. 1990
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1990

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)

1997

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

2008–2009

Banking2008–2009: fiscal cost 5.1% of GDP, output loss 0.0% of GDP(Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
Policy rate (%)
Govt debt (% of GDP)

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology