Crisis atlas / NIC / 1979–2020
Nicaragua, 1979–2020
One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.
Crisis years in this episode
Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 1979–2020 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.
- 1979Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1980Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 1981Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1982Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1983Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1984Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1985Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1986Currencyrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1987Bankingrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1988Bankingrr1 sourceCurrencyrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1989Bankingrr1 sourceCurrencyrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1990Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sourcesCurrencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1991Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sourcesCurrencyrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1992Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1993Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sourcesCurrencyrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1994Bankingrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1995Bankingrr1 sourceSovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 1996Bankingrr1 sourceSovereign debtrr1 source
- 1997Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1998Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 1999Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2000Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 2001Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sourcesSovereign debtrr1 source
- 2002Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2003Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 2004Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2005Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2006Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2007Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2008Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
- 2009Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2010Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2011Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2012Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2013Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2014Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2015Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2016Sovereign debtrr1 source
- 2018Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
- 2019Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
- 2020Bankinglaeven_valencia1 source
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology
Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail
Episode-level fiscal cost and output loss from the systemic banking crises database. Fiscal cost is the gross outlay of banking-sector rescues; output loss is the cumulative deviation of real GDP from its pre-crisis trend, both as a percent of GDP.
Source: Laeven & Valencia (2026), IMF WP/26/94, Systemic Banking Crises Database 1970-2025 Methodology
Macro context, 1972–2027
Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Nicaragua in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology
How each source dates this episode
The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.
- Global Macro Database1979, 1985, 1990
- Laeven-Valencia1979, 1985, 1990
- Reinhart-Rogoff1979, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993
- Reinhart-Rogoff1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
- Global Macro Database1980, 1995, 2003, 2008
- Laeven-Valencia1980, 1995, 2003, 2008
- Reinhart-Rogoff1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001
- Global Macro Database1990, 2000
- Laeven-Valencia1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2000, 2001, 2018, 2019, 2020
Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology
Documented policy responses
2 interventions from the Metrick-Schmelzing banking-crisis database whose recorded year falls inside this episode window (1979–2020). Each row is one documented government or central-bank action, tagged with the database’s own intervention categories and short code, under the crisis code it assigns. Matching is exact: same country, intervention year inside the window. The database’s global-crisis rows (no country) are never matched here.
- 1987-1996LendingBBEL
- Jan-2001GuaranteesAG
Source: Metrick-Schmelzing Banking-Crisis Interventions Database (Yale Program on Financial Stability) Cite as: Metrick, Andrew, and Paul Schmelzing, "Banking-Crisis Interventions Across Time and Space," working paper, 2024 (dataset consulted 2026-07-10). License: Creative Commons attribution. Methodology
Policy-response case studies (external)
For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.