FinObservatory

Crisis atlas / POL

Poland

84 distinct crisis events in 5 episodes, 1918–2021, from the union of five primary chronologies.

Debt profile: government debt trajectory and crisis-start levels →

22
Banking crises
31
Currency crises
31
Sovereign debt crises
84
Crisis events
1918–2021
Span

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

  1. 2021
    Bankingesrb1 source
  2. 2020
    Bankingesrb1 source
  3. 2016
    Currencyrr1 source
  4. 2015
    Currencyrr1 source
  5. 2014
    Currencyrr1 source
  6. 2011
    Currencyrr1 source
  7. 2008
    Currencyrr1 source
  8. 1999
    Currencyrr1 source
  9. 1997
    Currencyrr1 source
  10. 1996
    Currencyrr1 source
  11. 1995
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingrr1 source
  12. 1994
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  13. 1993
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  14. 1992
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, gmd, laeven_valencia, rr4 sources
  15. 1991
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb, rr2 sources
  16. 1990
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  17. 1989
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  18. 1988
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  19. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  20. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  21. 1985
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  22. 1984
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  23. 1983
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  24. 1982
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  25. 1981
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
    Bankingesrb1 source
  26. 1980
    Currencyrr1 source
  27. 1979
    Currencyrr1 source
  28. 1952
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  29. 1951
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  30. 1950
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  31. 1949
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  32. 1948
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  33. 1947
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources
  34. 1946
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  35. 1945
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  36. 1944
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  37. 1943
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  38. 1942
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  39. 1941
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  40. 1940
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  41. 1937
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  42. 1936
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
  43. 1934
    Bankingrr1 source
  44. 1932
    Bankingrr1 source
  45. 1931
    Bankinggmd, rr2 sources
  46. 1927
    Bankingrr1 source
  47. 1926
    Bankingrr1 source
  48. 1924
    Currencyrr1 source
  49. 1923
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
    Currencyrr1 source
  50. 1922
    Sovereign debtgmd, rr2 sources
    Currencyrr1 source
  51. 1921
    Currencyrr1 source
  52. 1920
    Currencyrr1 source
  53. 1919
    Currencyrr1 source
  54. 1918
    Currencygmd, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

1918–1927

CurrencySovereign debtBanking
Inflation (% y/y)
-20k020k40k60k191319181932
Policy rate (%)
No data for this window
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1931–1952

BankingSovereign debtCurrency
Inflation (% y/y)
-50-2502550192619311957
Policy rate (%)
0246192619311957
Govt debt (% of GDP)
No data for this window

1979–1999

CurrencyBankingSovereign debtFiscal cost 3.5% of GDP, output loss 0.0% of GDP (Laeven-Valencia 2026)
Inflation (% y/y)
0200400600197419792004
Policy rate (%)
050100150197419792004
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100197419792004

2008–2016

Currency
Inflation (% y/y)
-20246200320082021
Policy rate (%)
02.557.5200320082021
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0204060200320082021

2020–2021

Banking
Inflation (% y/y)
-1001020201520202025
Policy rate (%)
02.557.5201520202025
Govt debt (% of GDP)
0204060201520202025

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology