Chinese overseas lending / SDN
Sudan: debt owed to China
In 2021, Sudan is estimated to have owed China $782m, equal to 2.3% of its GDP, which ranks it 69 of 126 borrowers in the panel by dollars owed. The estimated stock peaked at $5.03bn in 2015.
The estimated stock, 2000 to 2021
The largest single-year move in the estimated stock is 2019, when it fell by $1.01bn.
Source: Horn, Reinhart and Trebesch, China’s Overseas Lending. Selection: estimated stock owed to China by Sudan, by year and instrument, 2000 to 2021. Zeros are estimated zeros (no known loans outstanding), not missing values. Methodology
Against what Sudan reports owing to all creditors
Sudan reported $22.98bn of total external debt to all creditors in 2021, of which $15.61bn is public and publicly guaranteed. The China estimate is 3.4% of the reported external total and 5.0% of the reported public and guaranteed stock. These are ratios of two different measurements, one estimated and one borrower-reported, and they are not a share of a single consistent total.
| Measure, 2021 | Estimated, owed China | Reported, all creditors | Ratio, % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total external debt | $782m | $22.98bn | 3.4% |
| Public and publicly guaranteed | $782m | $15.61bn | 5.0% |
Source: Horn, Reinhart and Trebesch, China’s Overseas Lending (estimated stocks), and World Bank International Debt Statistics, borrower-reported via the Debtor Reporting System (all-creditor stocks). Selection: estimated external and PPG stock owed to China in 2021 against Sudan's reported DT.DOD.DECT.CD and DT.DOD.DPPG.CD for the same year. Drawn swap balances are excluded from the estimated column: they are a central-bank liability the Debtor Reporting System's long-term-debt concepts do not carry. Methodology
Chinese restructurings involving Sudan
2 deals recorded between Sudan and Chinese state creditors. These are context, not accounting: the source records face-value reduction as a flag rather than a magnitude, so no haircut percentage exists for them, and nothing here is netted off the estimated stock above.
Creditor: Multiple
In 2015, the Chinese Government agreed to extend the repayment profile of the Government of Sudan’s debt. As in 2012, there is no information on whether the agreement treated the entire liabilities of Sudan to China or just a subset.
AidData 2.0
Creditor: Multiple
In 2012, the Chinese Government announced that it had agreed to reschedule the outstanding debt obligations of the Government of Sudan by extending loan repayment periods by 5 years. There is no information on whether the agreement treated the entire liabilities of Sudan to China or just a subset.
AidData 2.0; Acker et al. (2020)
Source: Horn, Reinhart and Trebesch, Hidden Defaults (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 9925). Selection: every recorded restructuring agreement between Sudan and a Chinese state creditor. Face-value reduction is a 0/1 flag in the source, not a percentage; the badge appears only where the source sets it. Methodology