Kenya

Crisis timeline

Every distinct (year, type) event, most recent first, with the chronologies flagging it. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) do not mark continuation years, so long episodes show lower agreement after their first year.

1. 2008
   Currencyrr1 source
2. 2000
   Sovereign debtrr1 source
3. 1999
   Currencyrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
4. 1998
   Sovereign debtrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
5. 1997
   Sovereign debtrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
6. 1996
   Sovereign debtrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
7. 1995
   Sovereign debtrr1 source

   Bankingrr1 source
8. 1994
   Sovereign debtrr1 source

   Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
9. 1993
   Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources

   Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
10. 1992
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
11. 1991
    Currencyrr1 source
12. 1989
    Currencyrr1 source

    Bankingrr1 source
13. 1988
    Bankingrr1 source
14. 1987
    Bankingrr1 source
15. 1986
    Bankingrr1 source
16. 1985
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
17. 1982
    Currencyrr1 source
18. 1981
    Currencyrr1 source
19. 1976
    Currencyrr1 source

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Macro context around each episode

Inflation, central-bank policy rate, and government debt in a window of five years either side of each crisis episode (consecutive crisis years bridged across gaps of up to two years). Crisis years shaded.

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) Inflation is % year over year; policy rate is the central-bank rate in %; government debt is % of GDP. Methodology