Crisis atlas / CAF / 1976–2016

Central African Republic, 1976–2016

One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.

BankingSovereign debtCurrency

Crisis years in this episode

Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 1976–2016 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.

1976
Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
1977
Bankingrr1 source
1978
Bankingrr1 source
1979
Bankingrr1 source
1980
Bankingrr1 source
1981
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1982
Bankingrr1 source
1983
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1984
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1985
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1986
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1987
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1988
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1989
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1990
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1991
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1992
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1993
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1994
Bankingrr1 source
Currencygmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1995
Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1996
Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1997
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1998
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
1999
Bankingrr1 source
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2000
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2001
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2002
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2003
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2004
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2005
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2006
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2007
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2008
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2009
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2010
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2011
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2012
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2013
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2014
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2015
Sovereign debtrr1 source
2016
Sovereign debtrr1 source

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail

Episode-level fiscal cost and output loss from the systemic banking crises database. Fiscal cost is the gross outlay of banking-sector rescues; output loss is the cumulative deviation of real GDP from its pre-crisis trend, both as a percent of GDP.

Banking episode 1976

Not reported

Fiscal cost, % of GDP

0.0%

Output loss, % of GDP

1976

Episode end year

Banking episode 1995–1996

Not reported

Fiscal cost, % of GDP

9.0%

Output loss, % of GDP

1996

Episode end year

Source: Laeven & Valencia (2026), IMF WP/26/94, Systemic Banking Crises Database 1970-2025 Methodology

Macro context, 1969–2023

Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Central African Republic in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.

Inflation (% y/y)

Real GDP growth (% y/y)

Policy rate (%)

Govt debt (% of GDP)

Current account (% of GDP)

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology

How each source dates this episode

The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.

Banking

Global Macro Database1976, 1995
Laeven-Valencia1976, 1995, 1996
Reinhart-Rogoff1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999

Sovereign debt

Reinhart-Rogoff1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Currency

Global Macro Database1994
Laeven-Valencia1994
Reinhart-Rogoff1994

Documented policy responses

3 interventions from the Metrick-Schmelzing banking-crisis database whose recorded year falls inside this episode window (1976–2016). Each row is one documented government or central-bank action, tagged with the database’s own intervention categories and short code, under the crisis code it assigns. Matching is exact: same country, intervention year inside the window. The database’s global-crisis rows (no country) are never matched here.

CAF-1976Central African Republic

1976-1982No interventionNO/I

CAF-1988Central African Republic

1988-1999RestructuringRES

CAF-1995Central African Republic

1995No interventionNO/I

Source: Metrick-Schmelzing Banking-Crisis Interventions Database (Yale Program on Financial Stability) Cite as: Metrick, Andrew, and Paul Schmelzing, "Banking-Crisis Interventions Across Time and Space," working paper, 2024 (dataset consulted 2026-07-10). License: Creative Commons attribution. Methodology

Policy-response case studies (external)

For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.