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Crisis atlas / DOM / 1981–2005

Dominican Republic, 1981–2005

One crisis episode: distinct crisis years merged across gaps of up to two non-crisis years. Types, source agreement, and macro context are drawn from the union of five primary chronologies.

Sovereign debtCurrencyBanking

Crisis years in this episode

Every distinct (year, type) event inside the 1981–2005 window, with the chronologies flagging it and the count of agreeing sources. Start-year sources (GMD, JST) mark only the first year, so agreement falls in the continuation years.

  1. 1981
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  2. 1982
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  3. 1983
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  4. 1984
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  5. 1985
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  6. 1986
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  7. 1987
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  8. 1988
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  9. 1989
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  10. 1990
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  11. 1991
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  12. 1992
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  13. 1993
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  14. 1994
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
  15. 1995
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  16. 1996
    Bankingrr1 source
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  17. 1997
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  18. 1998
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  19. 1999
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  20. 2000
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  21. 2001
    Sovereign debtrr1 source
  22. 2003
    Bankinggmd, laeven_valencia, rr3 sources
    Currencygmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
    Sovereign debtgmd, laeven_valencia2 sources
  23. 2004
    Bankinglaeven_valencia, rr2 sources
  24. 2005
    Sovereign debtlaeven_valencia, rr2 sources

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Laeven-Valencia banking-crisis detail

Episode-level fiscal cost and output loss from the systemic banking crises database. Fiscal cost is the gross outlay of banking-sector rescues; output loss is the cumulative deviation of real GDP from its pre-crisis trend, both as a percent of GDP.

Banking episode 2003–2004
22.0%
Fiscal cost, % of GDP
12.5%
Output loss, % of GDP
2004
Episode end year

Source: Laeven & Valencia (2026), IMF WP/26/94, Systemic Banking Crises Database 1970-2025 Methodology

Macro context, 1974–2012

Seven years either side of the episode. Each panel has its own scale; the crisis window is shaded. Only indicators with data for Dominican Republic in this window are shown. Bank credit growth (year over year in total loans) is available for the 18 Jordà-Schularick-Taylor advanced economies.

Inflation (% y/y)
0204060197419812012
Real GDP growth (% y/y)
-1001020197419812012
Policy rate (%)
0510197419812012
Govt debt (% of GDP)
050100197419812012
Unemployment (%)
0510197419812012
Current account (% of GDP)
-20-10010197419812012

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 (credit) Real GDP growth is derived as the year-over-year change in real GDP; current account and government debt are percent of GDP; policy rate is the central-bank rate; bank credit growth is the year-over-year change in JST total loans. Methodology

How each source dates this episode

The chronologies disagree on start years and durations. This table is generated from the event rows, not curated: it lists, per crisis type, which source flags which years inside the window.

Sovereign debt
  • Reinhart-Rogoff1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005
  • Global Macro Database1982, 1994, 2003
  • Laeven-Valencia1982, 1994, 2003, 2005
Currency
  • Global Macro Database1985, 1990, 2003
  • Laeven-Valencia1985, 1990, 2003
Banking
  • Reinhart-Rogoff1996, 2003, 2004
  • Global Macro Database2003
  • Laeven-Valencia2003, 2004

Source: Global Macro Database 2026_06 (Müller, Xu, Lehbib & Chen 2025) | Jordà-Schularick-Taylor Macrohistory R6 | Laeven & Valencia (2020, 2026) | Reinhart-Rogoff via HBS BFFS | ECB/ESRB Financial Crises Database Methodology

Documented policy responses

4 interventions from the Metrick-Schmelzing banking-crisis database whose recorded year falls inside this episode window (1981–2005). Each row is one documented government or central-bank action, tagged with the database’s own intervention categories and short code, under the crisis code it assigns. Matching is exact: same country, intervention year inside the window. The database’s global-crisis rows (no country) are never matched here.

DOM-1996Dominican Republic
  1. 1996LendingAHEL
  2. 1996Capital injectionsAHCI
DOM-2003Dominican Republic
  1. Apr-2003LendingBBEL
  2. Apr-2003GuaranteesAG

Source: Metrick-Schmelzing Banking-Crisis Interventions Database (Yale Program on Financial Stability) Cite as: Metrick, Andrew, and Paul Schmelzing, "Banking-Crisis Interventions Across Time and Space," working paper, 2024 (dataset consulted 2026-07-10). License: Creative Commons attribution. Methodology

Policy-response case studies (external)

For qualitative accounts of how authorities intervened in systemic crises, see the Yale Program on Financial Stability New Bagehot Project, a library of financial-crisis intervention case studies. It is a separate qualitative resource; no specific case is asserted to match this episode.